Financial and trade of Hunan
The reform of goods circulation get great achievement in the province, and there is a new feature of the field of circulation. The reform in circulation field not only improves the development of the economy and the flourishing the market in the province, but also quickens the building of circulation itself.
(1) The basic structure of multi-economy composition, multi circulation ways, and multi running way and less steps. The individual economy and personal run economy get fast development. By the end of 1997, there are 1,800,000 individual traders and 23,800 personal run economies in the province. The register capital is 10,330,000,000 Yuban. The staff of personal enterprise is 434,000. In the personal enterprise, there are over 8000 limited companies, and there are 1000 personal enterprises which hold scale profit especially. In 1997, in the total value of social consume, national run economy takes 20.05%, group economy 12.49%, personal economy 46.46% and other economy is 20.97%.
(2) The opening commodity market is under forming. In the 20 years, the achievement of commodity building is striking. There are a lot of modernized large or middle scale comprehensive market and special market being built. It forms a lot of unique trade street, special shops. It reconstructs and develops a lot of rural market and the market near the border. The market is going toward nettles, scale, standard and function. It forms the market system of different kinds of wholesale market, retail sale spot, goods market with opening, multi level multi kinds and multi function. In 1979, there are 15000 rural and urban sale spots in the province. In the end of 1996, there are 3777 commodity markets, 1,161,000 restaurants in the province with 3,272,600 staff. Every 1000 person hold 18.1 sale spot, and there are 50 persons taking up wholesale, trade, and restaurant out of every 1000 persons. There are 89 markets whose volume of business is over 100,000,000 Yuan, and there are 15 shops whose sale volume is over 100,000,000 Yuan.
(3) The reform of national business is developed in all directions, and the new system, which is suited for the market economy, is under forming. The reform of running right of the enterprises has finished basically. By the end of 1997, there are 1801 enterprises carrying the reform of national business running right, and it takes 87.2% of the reformed enterprises. The enterprise property right reform quickens. By the end of 1997, there are 630 national business enterprises taking the property right reform, which takes 9.03% of the total enterprises. There are 238 independent accounting units taking the reform of stock system (cooperation) in the resources system, and it take 54% of the whole enterprises. The new way of selling is beginning. The traditional running method is totaling broken, and it changes from waiting for customer to run in chain, act as anent, and send in completed set. Recently, there are 129 chain enterprises in the province, and 1270 shop fronts. For some enterprises, the general sale and general acting of agent take over a half of the volume of sale, especially the resources agent and the sending running volume has gotten 30% of the total sale volume. The national business has become to the subject of contest and the entity with self-running, assume sole responsibility for its profits or losses, self-development, self-control from the approaching substance of the planning economy. Many leading enterprises, which are suited to the market economy and with the ability of contest and active small enterprises, are strengthening. Some change from internal trade to the combination of internal and external trade, some change from commodity running to commodity running and capital running, some realize the change from buy and sell to processing. In 1997, the sell volume of the national run enterprises is 42,450,000,000 Yuan, and it increases 3.5 times of that of 1980. There are 29 enterprises whose selling volume is over 100,000,000 Yuan. 3 enterprises come into the 100 strongest enterprises in the nation. There are 8 enterprises whose profit is over 10000000 Yuan. There are 5 enterprises go into stock.
(4) The function of market is enlarging. The macroscopic adjusting system of key commodity is building gradually. The traditional system is totally broken. It changes from distributing the goods according to the administration level, fixed supply area, fixed supply subject, to the combination of produce and sell, the combination of wholesale and retail sale, the combination of internal and external. The running system of trans-industry, trans-ownership replaces the circulation structure of fixed areas. The price is opening. Apart from cotton, which is special run, a little of part of grain, which is national, bought, others are all open to run. For the industry consumer and industry producing material, apart from 10% of the price is insisted on the national price, others are open. At the same of fulfilling the function of the market, set a suitable adjusting system for the economy pattern. The rice sack is carried out the responsibility of the president of the province, and the vegetable basket is carried out the responsibility of the major. The grain storing fund, non-stable food risk fund, price adjusting fund, and the regulation for grain and non-stable food is perfecting. There are 7 regions set the storing system of sugar. The fixed spot for butcher the pig is improving, and has spreaded to 94 counties. Because of the strengthening of the adjusting method, improving the adjusting way and the perfect adjusting function, the market is steady, the supply is supported, and the social is steady.
(5) The commodity market is flourishing, and the total volume of supply and requirement is basic balanced. In 1997, the shortage period was finished in the province. It changed from selling market to buying market successfully. It is not only supported on the amount of grain, oil, meat, vegetable, sugar and other key commodity to people’s live, but solve the problem of the contradictory of off season and peak period, the contradictory of regions, and the contradictory of the structure of breed. In 1997, the retail volume of social consumer is 103,766,000,000 Yuan, and it increases 9.86 times than that of 1980. The selling volume of key industrial producing material keeps 50,000,000,000 to 60,000,000,000 Yuan from 1993 to 1997.
(6) The project of vegetable basket is carried on steadily, and it solves the contradictory of supply and demanding successfully. It improves to the aim of balanced supply. In 1980, the vegetable bureau was set in the province, county, region (perference, city) to pay attention to the producing, supplying and purchasing; the produce and purchase of the vegetable make three changes. That is, the layout of the vegetable base change from one line plus two line to one line plus base county, the direction plan for vegetable produce changes from main breed and planting area to the base area, the vegetable circulation changes from exclusive run by the national shop to greengrocers and market forming a completed set with the center of vegetable wholesale market. By the end of 1997, the area of the vegetable base developed to 440000mu of the province, and it increase 2.3 times than that in 1987. The commodity vegetable area developed to 1500000mu in 14 vegetable base counties, and another 11 regions set up the vegetable base. In 1997, the volume of business of the wholesale market takes 61% of the total volume. In 1997, the total volume of the vegetable sent to the market is 2,670,000,000 kg, and it is 0.35km for every person every day. Those increase 3.75 times and 39.5% of those of 1980. The breed of the vegetable is many, the quality is high, the price is steady, and the out of season vegetable, the selected vegetable is increasing. That meets the different need for people, and solves the problem of the increasing and decreasing suddenly of the price for the vegetable. It fulfils the satisfaction of resident, vegetable farmer and the government. (7) The achievement of spirit civilization building is outstanding, and the service quality is increasing. The circulation department of the province pays more attention to the thing of serving the people body and soul as the first thing to the existing and developing of the enterprises. It insists on the education of love and esteem the job, honest, high grade of service and devote selfless. It holds many activities such as “ quality first responsibility system”, “ no false product in the city and shops”, “ be at ease to buy the meat”, “famous brands go into the shop” and so on. The whole quality of the staff is increasing. There are many model workers on the country, department and province, and many get the medal of “Wuyi” and the advanced units of the department and province. The style of “ ugly face, unpleasant words, unwell temper” is totally broken. The quality of service is improving and the right for the consumer is guaranteed wells enough.