Changsha is the provincial capital of Hunan. It is the center of politics, economy, culture, science and technology and the communication of the whole province. It is one of the first 24 historical famous cities that were published by the State Council. Changsha is divided into 5 districts (Furong, Kaifu, Tianxin, Yuelu) and five counties ( Changsha, Wangcheng, Liuyang, Ningxiang). The whole area of the city (including four counties) is 11,800km2, with 354km2 city area. The whole population of the city (including four counties) is 5,570,000, with 1,700,000 city person (including the suburb).
To the east of Yueyang is Mufu Mountain, and to the west is Lake Dongting. Changjiang River is going through Yueyang in the north of it. It is the “North Gate” to Hunan province, and it is also one of the important cities in the middle reaches of Changjiang River. Yueyang covers 15,000km2, in it there are three districts( Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Yunxi), six counties(cities) ( Yueyang, Pingjiang River, Linxiang, Xiangyin, Miluo, Huarong), and 4 farms ( Quyuan, Qianliang Lake, Junshan, Huanggai Lake). The population of the city is 5,100,000.
Xiangtan is a famous historical city with 1,500 years history. A lot of senior proletarian revolutionists and world famous person come from here, such as Maozedong (Chairman Mao), Pengdehuai, Chengeng, Tanzheng, Huanggonglue, Luoyinong and Qibaishi. Xiangtan belonged to Jingchu before Qin Dynasty, and Xiangtan County was founded in Tang Dynasty. Now, it is divided into Yuehu District, Yuetang District, Xiangtan County, Xiangxiang City and Shaoshan City. The population of it is 277,400,000, with the area of 5,015km2
Hengyang is located in the south of Hunan. It is famous because it lies to the south of one of the Five Mountains--- Nanyue. It the the join point of Xiangjiang River and its tributaries, Lai River and Zheng River; it is also the join point of railways of Jingguang and Xianggui. It is the center of transportation by land and sea of Hunan, and also the communicational hub of north and south. It is divided into 5 counties ( Hengyang, Hengnan, Hengshan, Hengdong, Qidong), two cities ( Changning, Laiyang) and 5 districts (Jiangdong, Chengnan, Chengbei, Nanyue, Subruban). The total population is 7,000,000, with 700,000 city residents. The area of it is 15,310km2, and it is the second largest city in Hunan. It is in the Hengyang Basin, and it is hilly land. The products here are very rich. It gains the names of “ A Land of Plenty”, “A Land of Non-ferrous Metal”, and “A Land of Non-metal”. In the history, Hengyang is a cultural city, a town of military strategic, and the important city for trading in Hunan. It is the home town of Wangchuanshan, Cailun, and Luoronghuan. The tourism resorts are: NanYue Mountain, ShiGu Mountain, Huiyan Peak, Laiyan Tower. Shigu Acdamy is one of the four famous acdamies in Song Dynasty. Huiyan Peak is the tallest peak of Nanyue Mountain, and it is located in the city. so the city is also called Yan City. Now, Hengyang has become a city with strong agricultural strength, solid industrial basement, flourishing market, developed transportation system, and prosperous culture; the city is running towards modernization. The main minrel resources and industrial products in Hengyang Hengyang is rich in mineral resources. The mineral resources includes nonferrous metal, ferrous metal, raw pottery material, building material, assistant material and some other mineral resouces. It is famous in the world of nonferrous metal. It is always called ““A Land of Non-ferrous Metal”, and “A Land of Non-metal”. There are more than 20 kinds of nonferrous metal mines in Hengyang, such as lead, zinc, copper, tungsten, tin, stibium, titanium, silver. The reserves of lead and zinc mine is 2,620,000 tons. There is world famous lead and zinc mine, Shuikoushan Lead and Zinc mine in Changning. The ferrous metal mine includes iron, manganese and so forth. The reserves of iron ore is 370,900,000,000 tons. The chemical raw material covers salt, etc.The assistant material includes fluorite, dolomite, and silica, etc. The possession reserves of fluorite is 7,940,000 tons. Recently, there are a lot of fist products are build up in Hengyang, such as raw coal, chemical fertilizer, steel tube, cigarette, automobile fittings, transformer, electric cable, salt chemical industry, and large scales of metallurgy facilities, etc. The output and the quality of alloy of Shuikoushan lead and zinc mine is only in China, and at the top rank in the world. Hengyang steel tube factory is the biggest steel tube producing basement in the South of China, city telephone electric cable and other products with high technology are extending to the country and the world. The main agricultural and side-line production in Hengyang Hengyang is always called “ A Land of Plenty”, and it is the important commodity grain basement in the south of China, and it is also the important producing area for pig and other side-line productions. There are 6 kinds with 647 breeds of cereal crops, such as rice, wheat, legumes, kaoliang, and corn, etc. Industrial crops cover oil-bearing crops of 4 kinds with 54 breeds, industrial raw material crops of 4 kinds 25 breeds and non-staple food crops of 5 kinds with 72 breeds. Oranges, day lily, lotus, hot pepper, water chestnut, lily, tea and silkworm and mulberry are traditional products in Hengyang. The Yunwu tea in Nanyue, day lily in Qidong, the orange in the east of Hengyang, the 乌 lotus in Taiyuan, and the straw mat in Qidong are famous special products of the world. Animal raising product are mainly bacon hog, commodity sheep, Xianghuang chicken, duck’s egg, honey, rabbit for meat, beef cattle, fresh fish, and so forth. The main economic fish covers silver carp, black carp, grass crap, carp, porgy and crucian carp, etc. The output of main agricultural products and livestock farming and aquatic products is: grain, 3,181,800 tons, cotton, 26,736 tons, oil-bearing crop 161,475 tons, pigs for selling, 7,490,100, aquatic products, 151,300 tons. Ten agricultural producing basements are formed in Hengyang; they are high grade of rice, cotton, bacon hog, day lily, special vegetable, special aquatic, tiny fruit, straw mat, lotus, and orange. And the pattern of region, scale, and estate is forming step by step. Hengnan county Hengnan county is located in the southeast of Hengyang, and it is in charge of 24 towns. The population of it is 1,000,000, and the area is 2688km2. Xianggui railway and Hengkun highway span from the east to west; Jingguang railway and Jingzhu highway which is under build go from north to south. Xiangjiang River, Lai River, Chunling River and Zhengshui River are in Hengnan. There are over 30 kinds of mineral resources in Hengnan, such as tungsten, manganese, lead, zinc, uranium, fluorite, and barite, etc. The large reserves and high quality of fluorite and barite are famous in the world. Four characteristic pillar industries, smelt chemical industry, building and building material, and agricultural and side-line productions, holds strong developing impetus. Over 20 kinds of product have entered the world market. cotton, peanut, and tea are famous all over the country. The main scenic spots are Jiangkouniaozhou, Qishang. Hengyang County Hengyang County is located in the middle and low reaches of Xiangjiang River. It is in charge of 25 towns. The population of the county is 1,100,000, and the area is 2654km2. Jingguan railway and 107 state-highway go through the county. It is the hometown for Wangchuansha, Xiaminghan , Qiongyao and other famous persons. The mineral resources in the county is very rich. There are more than 20 kinds of mineral resources; they are mainly porcelain mud, lead and zinc, gold, and albite, etc. Grain, oil-bearing crop and pig raising are the leading parts of agriculture. Industry has formed eight patterns about machinery, electron, pottery, building material, chemical industry, papermaking, printing, and wine-making. Goulou Peak, one of 72 Peaks in Nanyue, is in the east of Hengyang, and it is national forest park now. It is said that Emperor Yu had climbed Goulou when he regulate rivers. There are Emperor Yu’s Palace, Emperor Yu’s tombstone and other rare cultural relics on the mountain. “Xiangxi Hut” which is at the foot of Bushichuan Mountain is the place where Wangchuansha lived in seclusion and wrote books. It is the national protective cultural relics. The capital of the county, Xidu town, is 20km away from Hengyang city proper, and it is the provincial best town. Hengshan county Hengshan county is located in the middle of Hunan, and the middle reaches of Xiangjian River. It is famous for Nanyue . It holds long history and assembles famous persons, and it is the resource of Chu culture. It is in charge of 18 counties. The population of it is 402,600, and the area is 934km?. Jingguang railway, Jingzhu highway which is under build, 107 national highway and 1820 national highway go through the county. Xiangjiang River and 、 water go through the county. The mineral resources in the county is very rich. They are lead, zinc, tungsten, gold, albite, kaolin, and granite. The reserves of albite, and kaolin are especially rich. After open and reform policy, the basement of producing high grade rice, straw mat, tiny fruit, bacon hog, Xianghuang chicken are formed. It is the county of national commodity grain basement. It forms industrial pattern which the leading industries are building material, machinery, chemical industry, pottery, minery, and papermaking. Hengdong county Hengdong county is located in the south of east of Hunan, and it lies in the middle reached of Xiangjiang River. It is the hometown of Marshal Luorongheng. It is in charge of 24 towns. The population of it is 652,000, and the area is 1,926m?. Jiangguang railway goes from north to south, and Jingzhu highway which is under build goes through the county. There are Xiangjian River,Yongdong river in the county. It is rich for mineral resources, forest, and tourism resources. There are over 30 kinds of mineral resources, such as lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, tin, copper, sliver, porcelain mud, fluorite, and barite, etc. There are 169 rivers in the county, and the developing capacity of hydroelectric is about 70,000KWH. There are 157mu forest, is 1,416,400m .The main agricultural products are grain, pig, orange, and oil-tea camellia. There are over 200 industrial products, such as fluorite powder, lithopone powder, engine oil pump, and chinaware, etc. Qidong county Qidong county is located in the south of Hunan, and the middle reaches of Xiangjiang River. It is in charge of 23 towns. The population is 900000, and the area is 1872km?. Xianggui railway and 332 national highway go parallel in the county. Xiangjiang River meets Bai River in the county and they go around it. It is 54km away from the city proper. It is the county of national commodity grain basement. and it is bacon hog producing county. It has formed regional and scale producing of day lily, straw mat, taro, large hot pepper, flue-cured tobacco, tea, ginger, Heyuan onion, orange, and lotus. The output of day lily is 4,000 tons every year. The mineral resources is very rich. They are mainly iron, lead, zinc, mercury, gold, copper, cobalt, manganese, antimony, phosphorus, potter’s mud, barite, marble and granite, etc. There are over 900 commercial places in the county, and 8 shopping center. There are over 100 trading market in urban and suburban. It is one of the biggest commodity collecting and distributing centers along the Xianghui railway line. Laiyang Laiyang is located in the southeast of Hunan, the middle reaches of Lainshui River. It is in charge of 31 towns, 3 subdistrict offices. The population is 1,200,000, and the area is 2,656km2. Jingguang railway, 107 national highway and Jingzhu highway which is under build go from north to south of the city, and Sannan road goes from east to west. It is abound in rice, cotton, oil-tea camellia, tobacco leaf, The planting area and the output of tea-oil trees are at the top rank of the country. It is rich in mineral resources. There are over 45 kinds of mineral resources, such as coal, kaolin, marble, manganese, tungsten, etc. The reserves of coal is 510,000,000 tons, and it is one of the three coal basements in Hunan. In industry, it is famous for energy and machinery making. The thermal power and hydroelectricity prower can get 2,400,000,000KWH. “Dongfeng 2z” series of transplanter and “Sanniu” produced by Laiyang Transplanter Factory cover 70% of the national market, and thery are exported to 23 countries and regions such as Japan, Mexico, Viet Nam. Changning Changning is located in the south of Hunan. It is in charge of 23 towns. The population of it is 830,000, and the area is 2,074km?. Jingguang railway, 107 national highway, Jingzhou highway which is under build, 332 naitonal highway, Xianggui railway meet Gannan Road, Xiangnan Road, Minnan Road (Sannan Road) and go in the east or west of the north border of the city. It is rich in mineral resources. They are mainly gold, sliver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, manganese, kaolin,etc. There are 35 kinds of rare metals in the city. It holds the most reserves of lead and zinc in the world, and the reserves of tin mine is at the second of the country. and the reserves of gold is half of it of Hunan. It is the city of grain, pig and wood basement in Hunan. The storage of wood and the cut are the first of Hengyang. Tiantangshan Mountain scenic spot in the city is of peculiar landscape and beautiful scenery. Chengnan District Chengnan district is at the foot of Huiyan Peak, in the center of Hengyang. The population of it is 170,000, and the area is 17km?. Zhongshannan Road in the district is a national model road for good behaving; Auxin building material wholesale market, Xiyuan vegetable wholesale market and other specialized markets are the largest ones in the same industry of Hunan. There are Hengyang Steel Tube Factory, Hunan Guhan Group, Hengyang wire Factory and other key enterprises in the district. There are Eight sceneries in the district, and they are of wonderful sight. There are Hengyang Normal School and other colleges in the district. There are over 100 provincial and city key schools in the district, such as the first middle school, the eighth middle school, and the Huanchengnan Road primary school, etc. Chengbei district Chengbei district is to the north of the west bank of Xiangjiang River. The population of it is 202,500, and the area is 13.7km2. 107,322 national highway and 1814 provincial road go through the district, and there is the biggest station in Hengyang. The business and trading in the district are flourishing in the district. There are 17 all kinds of markets in the district, and the volume of business is 950,000,000 Yuan every year. The third kind of enterprise is flourishing in the district. The number of restaurant, hotel, teahouse, amusement center is at the top of the three districts of the city. Licheng Hotel, Jiangdong district Xiangjiang River flows southwards through Chengjiang, and divides it into two parts of east and west. Jiangdong district lies in the east part. The population of it is 162,000, and the area is 24.9km?. Jingguang and Xianggui railway join here. Hengyang Railway Station is located in the district. 107, and 1843 national road and Henghua Road go through the district. The trade and business in the district is very flourishing. There are 35 all kinds of markets every year, and the area of the markets is 300000m?, and number of self-employed labor is 32000. The vulume of business of the year of the market overfulfils 2,000,000,000 Yuan. The eight markets such as,the Pacific Ocean clothing wholesale market, wholesale market for small articles of daily use in the business city, Yandong shoes wholesale market, Xiangjiang River hardware wholesale market, Hengzhou dried food and nut wholesale market and Tianli comprehensive wholesale market, have large scale and high speciality degree, and can get 100,000,000 to 2,000,000,000 of volume of business. The district has developed into the biggest personal business center with the connection of the top market and satellite market, connection of comprehensive market and specialized market, and the connection of commodity market and property market in the south of Hunan. Suburban district The suburban district is around Yancheng (another name for Hengyang). It is in charge of 8 towns. The population is 183000, and the area is 338.9km?. Jingguang railway goes through the district and Xianggan railway starts here. 107,322 national road, 1814,1807,1843 provincial road and Jingchen highway which is under build make a transportation net in the district. Xingjiang River, Laishui River, and Zhengshui River meet here. There are more than 50 kinds of mineral resources in the district. In it the reserves of the halite gets to 10,300,000,000 tons. It builds the industry system focus on machinery, metallurgy, electron, chemical industry, and building material. The main products are new style of boiler for daily use, etc, and they are well sold inside the country and in the southeast Asia. Agriculture is mainly of vegetable, fruit, and aquatic products industry. It is famous in the province of grape, orange, tea, tortoise, soft-shelled turtle and other new found agriculture products. Nanyue district Nanyue is located in the middle of Hunan province. It is in charge of 4 towns. The population of it is 51,400, and the area is 181km?. 107 national road goes through the district. One of the Five Mountains, Hengshan Mountain, scenery spot is famous of its four characters: long history and good reputation.
Zhuzhou is located in the east of Hunan province. It is in charge of Liling, Chenzhou county, You county, Chaling county, Yanling county, four districts (Hetang, Lusong, Shifeng, Tianyuan), and national-level Chengzhou high technology developing zone. The area is 11,420km?, and the population of it is 3,600,000. The main part of Jingguang, Zhegan, and Xiangqian railway meet here. Chengzhou railway station is one of the five specialized passenger and goods transportation stations. The north station in Chenzhou is the biggest goods train marshalling in the south. Highways radiate in all directions. 320 and 107 national road and Jingzhu (from Beijing to Zhuhai)which is under build go through it. The water transportation can get Changjiang River and to East Sea. The air transportation is 65km away from Huanghua International Airport. Xiangjiang River goes through the city, and can be shipped in it all the year. Chenzhou Port is one of the eight biggest ports in Hunan. The berth of thousand-ton level makes sure that the container ship can get to Dongting Lake and Changjiang River directly. In 1950’s, Chenzhou is listed into one of the eight key cities for building industry. After 40 years’ development, Chenzhou has become a new found industrial city with the leading part of machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry, building material, and the industries, such as electricity, coal selecting, gunny and cotton textile, light industry, pottery, electron, meter, plastic, leather, medicine and rubber productions. There are some key back born enterprises, such as: Chenzhou electrical rolling stock plant which is the cradle of Chinese electrical rolling stock, Chenzhou hard alloy plant which is the second largest hard alloy plant in the world, Nanfang power machinery plant which is the experimental and producing basement of the aviation industry in China, etc. There are over 50 “the first” here of the nation, such as: the first aviation energy, the first electrical rolling stock, the first hard alloyhammer etc… . The industrial output of Chenzhou is the second of the 14 area in the province. There are over 130 basement for all kinds of exported commodity in Chenzhou. They are grain and oil, tea, special food and raising, light industry and textile, hardware and mineral resources, chemical industry and medicine, art, machinery, non-ferrous metal, fireworks, etc. The over 180 kinds of productions of 9 series are sold to over 100 countries and regions. It is in subtropical zone of monsoon moist climate. The four seasons are clear here, and the rainfall is enough. The light and heat is plenty, and the cold weather is short. There are 282 days of frost-free period. It is suitable for the growing of lots of kinds of crops. Grain, pig and villages and towns enterprises are three pillars to the agriculture in Chenzhou. The tomb of the chinese ancestor Yan Emperor is located in Luyuan slope, Tangtian town, Yanling county in Chenzhou. The area of the tomb is 2.4km?, and the area of the palace is 3,000m?. In 1993, the general secretary Jiangzeming wrote “Tomb of Yan Emperor” for it in his own handwriting. The Tomb of Yan Emperor is always commanded deep love and reverence among the Chinese in the country or overseas. Hunan province, Chenzhou government and all classes of the society hold large scales of memorial ceremony annually. The city planning and building of Chenzhou get outstanding achievement in the last dozens of years. The postal service and telecommunication service develop rapidly. There are over 200,000 programme controlled telephone in the city. The city practices centralize supplying of water, and the volume of water supply everyday of three water plants is 1,150,000 tons. The volume of water supply is the eighth of the big and middle sized city in the county, and it is the city with the largest water supply in Hunan. It realized the centralized gas supply to the residents who live in the main road tentatively from 1986.
Yiyang is an old but young city. It is formed is Qin Dynasty, and the history is over 2,200 years. It is in charge of two districts of Ziyang and Heshang, Nan county, Anhua county, Taojiang county, Ruanjiang county and 5 county-level nation-owned farms (Datonghu, Beizhouzi, Jinpen, Qianshanhong, Chapanzhou). The area of the whole city is 12144km?, and the population is 4,500,000. The building area of the central city is 28km2, and the number of the city residence is 380,000.
Changde is located in the northwest of Hunan province; to the east is Dongting Lake, to the west is Zhangjiajie, and to the north is the Three Gorge of Changjiang River. Changde has it own character with the beautiful landscape, the long and magnificent history, and the rich folk custom. The Peach Blossom Garden which is the fairland of human, the Giaoshan Temple which is the sources of tea and the place where Lichuangwang lived in seclusion, Huayan Stream which is the home for egret, Chengtou Mountain which is the relics of the old city, Liuye Lake which is the pearl of the water and Huping Mountain which is the tallest in Hunan form the charming view of Changde. There is rich natural resources in Changde. Over two thirds of the cultivated lands are the deposited plain of Dongting Lake, so the soil is rich. The climate here is moist, and it is the place where you spread a handful seed in spring, you can harvest a storehouse of grain in autumn. There are 6,460,000mu usable grassland, 1,000,000mu breeding water area, and 7,000,000mu for forest. It holds the congenital condition of developing raising industry, aquatic product industry and forest and vegetable product industry. There are 432 all kinds of rivers, and the total length is 6,775km. Two of the four water systems in Hunan, Ruan and Li rivers go through the city, and the reserves of water power is 2,000,000 KW. There are 145 proven mineral resources, and it holds the name of “A place of non metal”. There are 276 key protective cultural relics, and they are linked with the Peach Blossom Garden which is the fairyland of the human, holiday resort-Liuye Lake, Jiashan Temple which has long history, Huayan Stream which is in the suburb, and Guding Mountain which is ecological touring spot. They form a new found toruing area which is echoed with the scenery of Wulingyuan. The economy in Changde is well developed. It has the names of the granary, the wine center, the cigarette center, textile city, and the tea village. There are 5 counties or towns as the national agricultural products commodity basement. The output of grain, cotton, and oil-bearing crops is at the top of the Hunan province. It is also famous for the large output and high quality of fruit, gunny, tea, sugar, cocoon, cigarette, pig, ox, sheep, birds, fish, soft-shelled turtle, bullforg, and pearl. Changde is the industrial basement of the northwest of Hunan. It forms the industrial system with the pillars of food, textile,chemical industry and building material. The output of yarn, cloth, wine, and cigarette is at the top of Hunan province. Programme controlled telephone switchboard, visual telephone, monitor, cement for the dam, Furongwang cigarette, Wulingwang wine, long life syrup, Dongshanfeng tea, Wuling truck crane, cigarette machinery, textile machinery, computer caving machine, and Hunan embroidery presents the industry level of Changde. The transportation in Changde is convenient. 319 and 207 national road go through the city. The remake of the cement surface of 319 national road has been finished, and the widen project of 207 national road has already begun. The main part of Xiangbei road has finished. Changchang high standard road (from Changsha to Changde) and the Shichang railway (connect Ziliu and Jingguang railway) have been open to traffic. The large scales of airliner has open to Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, and Haikou in Changde Taohuayuan Airport after the second term’s extend building, and it can have the flight to Shanghai recently. There are Chengde Port and Jinshi Port whose handling capacity is over a million tons. Ruan and Li River which can connect Changsha in the south, meet Yueyang in the north, and get to Changjiang River though Dongting Lake; get to Chongqing in the high reaches and Shanghai in the low reaches. A three-dimensional transportation net of water, land and air has formed in Changde. Changde has invested nearly 1,000,000,000 Yuan in communication in the Eighth-five year period. Now, some villages and all the towns have programme controlled telephone, mobile phone, BP system, word and picture facsimile, and they can get in touch with the world any time they like. Changde information port has been operated. There are Shimen thermal power plant with 1,200,000KW installed capacity, and scattered hydraulic power plants like Sanjiangkou and Yanzhou. The Linjintan hydraulic power plant is under build. Two 500,000volt transmission lines and hub transformer substation, Gezhou Dam-Changde-Chenzhou and Wuqiang Stream-Changde, have been put into operation. Changde becomes the key energy basement of Hunan. Solid economy strength, rich touring resources, convenient transportation, and advanced communication system build a solid foundation of the external business of Changde. Especially after the the reform policy, Changde flourish the city with open and development, and it carries out a series of favourable policies which attract the investment and operating rules which serve the investors. If invest in agritulture, high technology industry, basic facilities and remake the old city, one can not only get the national favourable policy, but also get the local favourable policy. The price of land, water and electricity, and labor decreases to one-half or one-third of the developed area along the sea. Perfect the external business, canvass business, commodity check, customers and coordination organization for foreign businessmen’s complaints, and provide the completed whole course service for the investor in the city. Protect the foreign invested enterprises with putting up a brass plate, safeguard the legally interests of investors. Set a regular day for the mayor to receive the foreign businessmen to help foreign invested enterprises solve the problems of investment, building and running. Make the foreign investors feel safe, convenience, and favourable through improving investing surroundings. Changde has made trade relationship with over 100 countries and regions. The exported goods gets to over 300 varieties of 24 kinds, and the volume of export is nearly 1,000,000,000yuan.
It is in charge of 9 counties ( Shaoyang, Shaodong, Xinshao, Longhui, Wugang, Dongkou, Xinning, Suining, and Chengbu Miao autonomous region), 3 districts (Shuangqing , Dayang, and Beita). There are 316 villages of 50 towns in the city. The population of it is 7,110,000. There are 29 minority nationalities, such as Hui, Miao, Man, Dong, Yao, Bai, Li, Menggu, Buyi, Chaoxian, Tujia and Xibo; the population is 267,000.
It is in charge of two cities (Louxing and Lianyuan), and two counties (Shuangfeng and Xinhua). The area is 8117km2. The terrain of the city is mainly hills. It is high in the northwest, and low in the southeast. It inclines like steps. It is the transition zone from Yungui Highland to Ziangzhe Hills. The population of the city in 1998 is 3,942,500.
Yongzhou is located in the south of Hunan, the north part of the Five Ridges, and it is in the linking part of Hunan, Guangdong, and Guangxi. After the approve of the State Council in 1995, the Lingling area changes into Yongzhou city. It is in charge of two districts (Zhishan and Lengshuitan) and 9 counties (Qiyang, Dongan, Shuangpai, Dao county, Ningyuan, Xintian, Lanshan, Yongjiang, Jianghua). The area is 22,400km2, and the population is 5,558,500. Han is the main residence, and the minority nationalities such as Yao take up 8.9% of the population.
Chenzhou is located in the south of Hunan, and it is next to Guangdong. It is the south door of opening to foreign of Hunan. It has 2,200 years history from the founding in Qin Dynasty, and it is one of the cities with long history in China. It is in charge of two districts (Suxian and Beihu), a city of Ziyang, and 8 counties (Guiyang, Yongxing, Yizhang, Jiahe, Linwu, Rucheng, Anren, Guidong). The area is 19,400km2, and the population is 4,480,000.
Huaihua is located in the southwest of Hunan. The length from north to south is 353km, and the width from east to west is 229km. The area is 27,600km2, and it is the largest area in Hunan. It is in charge of 12 counties ( city, district), including Hecheng district, Hongjiang, Zhongfang, Ruanling, Chenxi, Xupu, Huitong, Mayang Miao autonomous region, Xinguang Dong autonomous region, Ziting Dong autonomous region, Jingzhou Miao and Dong autonomous region and Tongdao Dong autonomous region. Huaihua is an area inhabited by several minority nationalities. There are 31 minority nationalities, such as Dong, Miao, Tujia, Yao, etc. The population in the end of 1998 is 4,788,200, and the minority nationalities take up about 30%.
Tujia and Miao autonomous region in the west of Hunan
It is located in the northwest of Hunan, the hinterland of Wulingshan Mountain area, and it is a land full of mystery and attraction. It was the Qianzhongdi of Chu before the founding of Qin Dynasty. After the founding of Qin Dynasty, it was Qianzhong prefecture; it changed into Wuling prefecture after Han Dynasty. Xiangxi Miao autonomous region is founded in August, 1952, and it was in charge of 6 counties and 4 counties. Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous region is founded in September, 1957, and it was in charge of 10 counties. In 1988, Dayong and Sangzi are in the charged of Zhangjiajie. Now, it is in charge of 7 counties and a city. The population is 2560000, and the area is 15000km2. The capital of the region is Jishou.
Zhangjiajie is located in the northwest of Hunan, the high and middle reaches of Lishui River, the hinterland of Wulingshan Mountain. It is connected with Changde in the east, Huihua in the south, Xiangxi autonomous region in the west and Exi of Hubei province in the north. The area is 9,563km?. There are over 20 minority nationalities in the city, such as Han, Tujia, Bai, and Miao. The total population is 1545000, in it the population of minority nationalities is 1,115,600, taking up about 72.2%. the population of Tujia and Bai take up 63.3% and 7.0%. The tourism resources in Zhangjiajie is richly endowed by nature, and it is famous all over the world. Wulingyuan national key scenery spot assembles Zhangjiajie national forest park which is the first national forest park in China, Suoxiyu, the Emperor Mountain, stockaded of Yangs’ and other natural protectorates. The area is 369km?. In 1992, it is listed into 《世界遗产名录》by联合国教科文组织. Around Wulingyuan, there are Tianmenshan national forest park which is called the soul of Wuling, Badagongshan nation-level natural protectorate which is listed in the observing station of “Human and biosphere” by UN, Maoyan River which is called painted corridor of a hundred li, Jiutian Cave which is the first cave in Asia, Puguang Buddhist Temple which is famous in the south, Wuleishan which is the Holy Land for Taoism, 摩崖溶洞石雕玉皇洞石窟群 in Qing Dynasty, the former residence of marshal Helong, the museum of Xiangechuanqin revolutionary basement and other scenic spots. The resources of living things is very rich. There are 63.7% of land covered with forest, and the reserve of 活立木is 10241000m?. There are 850 species of 320 genus of 106 families of xylophyta with 6 species of first grade,20 species of second grade and 30 species of third grade national protective plant. There are 146 species of vertebrate with 5 species of first grade, 21 species of second and 14 species of third grade of national protective animals. There are 2 nation-level protectorates, such as Badagongshan, and 3 province-level protectorates in the city. The development of Zhangjiajie gets the attention and solicitude from the Party and government. In March, 1995, General Secretary Jianzemin dedicated : Make Zhangjiajie a famous tourism resort all over the world, when he inspected Zhangjiajie; it points out the direction of the development of Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie attracts lots of national investment and external capital with richly endowed natural resources and fabvourable investment surroundings. In the last 50 years, the fixed assets investment in the city is 8,700,000,000 Yuan. Especially after the founding of the city, the development of Zhangjiajie makes gaint strides, and the volume of fixed assets investment gets to 8,000,000,000 Yuan which takes 92% of that of the last 50 years. A lot of projects are finished in the last ten years, such as Hehua Airport, Zhangjiajie Railway Station, customs, oil depot of ten-thousand tons, Chengtan water plant, etc. In today’s Zhangjiajie, the stereoscopic transportation net of aviation, railway and highway goes to all directions. Post and telecommunications is fast and convenience; the roads of the city are criss-cross; the high buildings are close to each other; the economy strength is stronger and stronger; the social affairs are fully developed. The new touring city has formed basically. In Zhangjiajie, people use the resources superiority, and develop tourism stressfully, and make it the pillar of economy. The number of tourist and the income of tourism increase by 9.5% and 43.8% every year. In 1,198, the number reaches to 2,075,500 person-time and 656,000,000Yuan. in the ten years after the founding of the city, the accumulate number of the tourists is 13,668,900 person-time, and the income from tourism is 1,937,000,000Yuan. There are 220000 person-time of foreign tourists, including oversea Chinese and the compatriots from HongKong and Macao, foreign visitors and heads of foreign governments and the diplomatic envoys to China. Tourism has become a bridge for Zhangjiajie to communicate with the world. After ten-year development, the touring facilities in Zhangjiajie are becoming perfect. There are over 300 hotels, restaurants and guest houses. The daily reception capacity is 30000. 19 hotels such as Xianglong International Hotel, Zhangjiajie International Hotel and Pibaxi Hotel scatter in the city and the scenic spots. Some road in or to the scenic spot such as Suozhang Road has completed and put into traffic. The first project of Zhangqing road has finished. Huangshanzai cableway and the cableway of Emperor Mountain have been put into use. All these provide a relax, comfortable and convenient touring surrounding to tourists. At the same time, Zhangjiajie pays a lot of attention to the manage of the tourism, and want to found a touring city with safety, good-behaveing, clean, and in good order, and want to make every tourist satisfied. In the 50 years, agriculture has been regarded as the basement of national economy in Zhangjiajie. The basic building of agriculture is strengthened, and the agricultural structure has been making better. The agriculture production develops steadily. the total agricultural output increases 6.1% every year. The agricultural production conditions improved obviously. The effect of flourishing agriculture by science and technology is obvious. The steps of industrial agriculture move very fast, and the agricultural structure is been making better and better. It has been founded 80000mu basement for vegetable in the city. The project of raising a million pigs has been carried out in Cili county, and found 400000mu basement for duzhong which is the biggest one in China. In Sanzhi, Nantan Grassland, a large scale of raising basement has been opened up; a 330000mu cork tree basement which is the biggest in south and a Chinese flowering quince basement which is the biggest in China have been built. 5 ten-thousand demonstrating areas have been built in Yongding district, and over 2000mu basement for yangtao has been built in Wulingyuan district. In the 50 years, it forms 5 pillar industries of medicine, energy, machinery, building material and food. The total industrial output increases at 16.3% every year. The water energy is fully used, and found a lot of middle and small sized hydroelectric power station such as Huayan, Maoxi, Yutan, Helong, Cilichengguan, 110KV electrified wire netting and substation.the 220kV substation and electrified wire netting are under build. In 1998, the generated energy gets to 470,000,000KWH for the whole city. The coal industry improves steadily. The development of machinery is very fast. The industry of building material is focus on cement. There are 5 cement producing enterprises in the city, and the producing ability is 578000 tons. The industry of food is based on the local resources, and develop special kind of production. A lot of high quality special product such as Tianzishan series of Yangtao drinks, Gegenbao series food, Sixian series health protection food, Xiangxiwang wine, Tianmenshanquan natural purified water, are well sold in or out of the province. In 1998, the length of road which was put into traffic gets to 2010km. There are four provincial roads such as 1801 and 1835 go through the whole area, and Liuzhi railway goes through the city. The length of railway inside the city is 120.86km. The area of Zhangjiajie Railway Station after extend building is 9,527m2; In 1998, 9 pairs of passenger trains has been opened, and they can get to Changsha, Zhengzhou, Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and other cities. Hehua Airport is a 4-D airport which is opened in 1994 in Zhangjiajie. The designed annual handling capacity is 700000 person-time, and 8,000 tons of goods. There are 22 airlines to Changsha, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other cities have been opened one by one. The number of the passenger is 238900, and the goods is 989 tons. Railway, aviation, highway and sea form a stereoscopic transportation net, and make Zhangjiajie an important place for Xiang, E, Yu, and Qian. The development of post and telecommunication is very fast. The main exported goods are light textile, food, hardware, alloy and other high quality products. and well sold in more than 20 countries and regions in Europe, America, Southeast Asia. By means of the superiority of touring resources and good investment surrounding, Zhanjiajie attracts investment and business actively by holding “forest protecting festival” and taking part in HongKong Fair, Xianmen Fair, In the ten years after the founding, it attracts 1,877,000,000 Yuan investment out of the city, and the money plays an active role in improving the basic facilities of energy, transportation, and tourism. There are 71 joint-venture enterprises such as Xianglong International Hotel, the Emperor Mountain Cableway Company, located in Zhangjiajie. The accumulate using of foreign capital is 149398000 USD, and 60821000 USD in reality. All kinds of social works such as science and technology, education and culture have got development by leaps and bounds.
