Industry The heavy industry
is the direction of Hunan, and metallurgy, machinery; electric power chemical
industry and other basic industries is the key ones to develop. There are
many nations owned large and middle scale of key enterprises. In the several
succeeding five-year plans, some industries are strengthened, such as light
industry, textile, coal industry, metallurgy, building material, electron,
medicine, etc. It forms a modern industry system with complete categories.
The rapid improvement of produce and the strengthen
of economic strength Before 1949, Hunan was a fall back agricultural province,
and there was only shabby mining industry and fall back technology handicraft
industry. According to the statistics, in 1949, there were only 24-nation
run and private run mining enterprises and 100,000 personal handicraft. The
gross value of industry is only 3,180,000,00 Yuan. From 1949 to 1978, there
are over 19,600 people owned and group owned industries and enterprises, and
the gross value of industry was up 14,278,000,000 Yuan. It is 47 times of
that in 1949. After 1978, the development of industry in Hunan improves faster
and faster. The gross value of industry increased to 423,700,000,000 Yuan
in 1998 from 14,278,000,000. The rapid of improvement
of technology and the improvement equipment With dozens of years¨ large scale
building and renew of technology, industry in Hunan has formed a complete
industrial system, and it has held advanced technology equipment. It forms
a basement for the further development. Especially after 1980¨s, the remake
of industrial technology is strengthened, and a lot of old and fallback producing
equipment is eliminated in time. A lot of advanced equipment is imported,
and that makes the level of equipment and the quality of the product in enterprises,
especially the large and middle scale key enterprises, get to a upper step.
That strengthens the competitive ability in market. Now, the fixed original
capital of over 23,000 enterprises and industries is over 165,000,000,000
Yuan, and the average fixed capital is 55,248 which is held by a worker. That
is 25 times to that of 1952.
Adjustment of the structure steadily and showing
of superiority gradually There are four major adjustments of industrial structure
between 1949 and 1998. Every adjustment makes certain promotion to the production.
Especially the fourth adjustment, which began in the middle of 1990¨s and
is continuing now, makes a more obvious promotion and it is meaningful. The
adjustment focuses on developing large-scale enterprise group and five pillar
industries, adjusting and perfecting industrial structure completely. It gains
lots of achievements in several years. By now, it forms 33 enterprise groups
(superior enterprise) and five pillar industries, which are metallurgy, machinery
and electron, building material, petrochemical industry and food. In 1998,
the adding output of the above five pillar industries takes 63% of that of
the whole province. In them, there is some superiority industries in the county,
such as metallurgy of nonferrous metal, tobacco industry, producing industry
of non-metal mineral. The selling output of 33 large scale enterprise groups
is 42,550,000,000 Yuan, and there is 10,250,000,000 Yuan for tax( not including
Yuanda air conditioner) those take 56.3% and 89% of national owned industry
and enterprise .
The product is of large quantity and high quality,
and the market is larger and larger
There are over 3000 kinds of products in Hunan
annually, and the quality of them is keeping good indeed. In the different
period of the last fifty years, Hunan province put developing some key industries
which are concerned with all the people on emphasis in order of developing
heavy industry first, developing light textile industry, putting strength
on some weak points, such as electric power, coal industry, building material,
and perfecting the product system and developing famous brand. There are many
products which are either the first time of building or from small to big,
such as steel, coal, electric power, automobile, chemical fertilizer, cement,
glass, cotton, chemical fiber, paper, watch, bicycle, fridge, TV set, computer,
etc. They are either of wonderful beginning or increasing the output of dozens
times even to hundreds of times. Recently, in the 51 key industries that are
listed in the national statistics, there is nearly one-fourth of Hunan products,
which are at the top place in the nation. In it, cigarette and farm chemical
are at the second rank; the iron alloy and the volume of hydraulic electrogenerating
are at the fourth rank; flat glass is at the fifth rank; raw material, wood,
cement, sulphuric acid, and chemical fertilizer are at the eighth rank; and
the alternator calcium carbided, and caustic soda are at the tenth rank. In
the quality assessment of industry product from 1979 to 1991, there are 33
products getting golden medals, and 155 products getting sliver medals. After
1994, the famous brand product policy is carried out in Hunan. It carries
out the national standard of GB/T19000--ISO9000 thoroughly. It improves the
quality of products and develops high quality famous brand further. Nowadays,
there are over 100 large and middle scale of key enterprises passing the attestation
of national quality system. There are 184 key industry products named ^the
famous brand in Hunan ̄ through careful examining. In it, the Diamond brand
hard alloy produced by Zhuzhou hard alloy factory gets the name of Chinese
famous brand, which is awarded by certain national department. The occupied
rate of the product of Hunan province is improving and the coverage is larger
and larger because of its various breeds, good quality and high reputation.
A lot of products are sold well all over the world, such as 10 kinds of non-ferrous
metals and their products, fireworks, pottery for daily use, cigarette, clothes,
shoes, textile with cotton, textile with flax, household electrical appliances,
hardware and tools, etc. They are sold to more than ten countries such as
Japan, USA, Singapore, Korea, Western Europe, Russia, Australia, and Middle
East; and are sold to HongKong and Macao. They earn many foreign exchanges
for the country. The structure of exported goods is also improved. The rate
of primary product is reducing, and the exported intensive processing product,
the complete machine and whole set of product are increasing annually. According
to the statistics, there was only 300,000,000 Yuan for exported primary goods
in 1998, but the completed product is over 2,000,000,000Yuan of the same year.
The rate of completed product is 87% of the exported goods. It increases 60
percentage point than that of 1987. Looking forward,
there will be new breakthrough on technology level, industry structure, scale
and strength, and the reasonable layout in Hunan¨s industry. It is hoped that
by 2010, the technology creative level will be strengthened; some new industries
will be gradually developed such as new material and biological technology.
The output of high technology products will break 140,000,000,000 Yuan, and
it increases more than 6 times to that of 1997. The traditional industries
such as light industry; textile and chemical industry will has achieved technology
escalation and perfecting the structure. There will be more and more high
technology and low cost products, and there will be more and more products
which are sold all over the world.