Industry The heavy industry is the direction of Hunan, and metallurgy, machinery; electric power chemical industry and other basic industries is the key ones to develop. There are many nations owned large and middle scale of key enterprises. In the several succeeding five-year plans, some industries are strengthened, such as light industry, textile, coal industry, metallurgy, building material, electron, medicine, etc. It forms a modern industry system with complete categories.
   The rapid improvement of produce and the strengthen of economic strength Before 1949, Hunan was a fall back agricultural province, and there was only shabby mining industry and fall back technology handicraft industry. According to the statistics, in 1949, there were only 24-nation run and private run mining enterprises and 100,000 personal handicraft. The gross value of industry is only 3,180,000,00 Yuan. From 1949 to 1978, there are over 19,600 people owned and group owned industries and enterprises, and the gross value of industry was up 14,278,000,000 Yuan. It is 47 times of that in 1949. After 1978, the development of industry in Hunan improves faster and faster. The gross value of industry increased to 423,700,000,000 Yuan in 1998 from 14,278,000,000.   The rapid of improvement of technology and the improvement equipment With dozens of years¨ large scale building and renew of technology, industry in Hunan has formed a complete industrial system, and it has held advanced technology equipment. It forms a basement for the further development. Especially after 1980¨s, the remake of industrial technology is strengthened, and a lot of old and fallback producing equipment is eliminated in time. A lot of advanced equipment is imported, and that makes the level of equipment and the quality of the product in enterprises, especially the large and middle scale key enterprises, get to a upper step. That strengthens the competitive ability in market. Now, the fixed original capital of over 23,000 enterprises and industries is over 165,000,000,000 Yuan, and the average fixed capital is 55,248 which is held by a worker. That is 25 times to that of 1952.
  Adjustment of the structure steadily and showing of superiority gradually There are four major adjustments of industrial structure between 1949 and 1998. Every adjustment makes certain promotion to the production. Especially the fourth adjustment, which began in the middle of 1990¨s and is continuing now, makes a more obvious promotion and it is meaningful. The adjustment focuses on developing large-scale enterprise group and five pillar industries, adjusting and perfecting industrial structure completely. It gains lots of achievements in several years. By now, it forms 33 enterprise groups (superior enterprise) and five pillar industries, which are metallurgy, machinery and electron, building material, petrochemical industry and food. In 1998, the adding output of the above five pillar industries takes 63% of that of the whole province. In them, there is some superiority industries in the county, such as metallurgy of nonferrous metal, tobacco industry, producing industry of non-metal mineral. The selling output of 33 large scale enterprise groups is 42,550,000,000 Yuan, and there is 10,250,000,000 Yuan for tax( not including Yuanda air conditioner) those take 56.3% and 89% of national owned industry and enterprise .
  The product is of large quantity and high quality, and the market is larger and larger
  There are over 3000 kinds of products in Hunan annually, and the quality of them is keeping good indeed. In the different period of the last fifty years, Hunan province put developing some key industries which are concerned with all the people on emphasis in order of developing heavy industry first, developing light textile industry, putting strength on some weak points, such as electric power, coal industry, building material, and perfecting the product system and developing famous brand. There are many products which are either the first time of building or from small to big, such as steel, coal, electric power, automobile, chemical fertilizer, cement, glass, cotton, chemical fiber, paper, watch, bicycle, fridge, TV set, computer, etc. They are either of wonderful beginning or increasing the output of dozens times even to hundreds of times. Recently, in the 51 key industries that are listed in the national statistics, there is nearly one-fourth of Hunan products, which are at the top place in the nation. In it, cigarette and farm chemical are at the second rank; the iron alloy and the volume of hydraulic electrogenerating are at the fourth rank; flat glass is at the fifth rank; raw material, wood, cement, sulphuric acid, and chemical fertilizer are at the eighth rank; and the alternator calcium carbided, and caustic soda are at the tenth rank. In the quality assessment of industry product from 1979 to 1991, there are 33 products getting golden medals, and 155 products getting sliver medals. After 1994, the famous brand product policy is carried out in Hunan. It carries out the national standard of GB/T19000--ISO9000 thoroughly. It improves the quality of products and develops high quality famous brand further. Nowadays, there are over 100 large and middle scale of key enterprises passing the attestation of national quality system. There are 184 key industry products named ^the famous brand in Hunan ̄ through careful examining. In it, the Diamond brand hard alloy produced by Zhuzhou hard alloy factory gets the name of Chinese famous brand, which is awarded by certain national department. The occupied rate of the product of Hunan province is improving and the coverage is larger and larger because of its various breeds, good quality and high reputation. A lot of products are sold well all over the world, such as 10 kinds of non-ferrous metals and their products, fireworks, pottery for daily use, cigarette, clothes, shoes, textile with cotton, textile with flax, household electrical appliances, hardware and tools, etc. They are sold to more than ten countries such as Japan, USA, Singapore, Korea, Western Europe, Russia, Australia, and Middle East; and are sold to HongKong and Macao. They earn many foreign exchanges for the country. The structure of exported goods is also improved. The rate of primary product is reducing, and the exported intensive processing product, the complete machine and whole set of product are increasing annually. According to the statistics, there was only 300,000,000 Yuan for exported primary goods in 1998, but the completed product is over 2,000,000,000Yuan of the same year. The rate of completed product is 87% of the exported goods. It increases 60 percentage point than that of 1987.    Looking forward, there will be new breakthrough on technology level, industry structure, scale and strength, and the reasonable layout in Hunan¨s industry. It is hoped that by 2010, the technology creative level will be strengthened; some new industries will be gradually developed such as new material and biological technology. The output of high technology products will break 140,000,000,000 Yuan, and it increases more than 6 times to that of 1997. The traditional industries such as light industry; textile and chemical industry will has achieved technology escalation and perfecting the structure. There will be more and more high technology and low cost products, and there will be more and more products which are sold all over the world.

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